Which of the following terms best describes the governmental responsibility to protect individuals unable to protect themselves?

The term that best describes the governmental responsibility to protect individuals unable to protect themselves is "parens patriae." This legal doctrine grants the state the authority to act as a guardian for those who cannot care for themselves, such as minors, individuals with disabilities, or the elderly. It emphasizes the state's role in ensuring the welfare and safety of vulnerable populations when they are incapable of doing so.

The principle of parens patriae originates from English common law, where the sovereign (the King) acted as the parent of all children and could intervene to protect them and their interests. This responsibility is particularly relevant for social services, healthcare, and legal proceedings where vulnerable individuals require protection or assistance.

Other terms relate to different concepts: substitute judgment typically refers to making decisions for someone based on what they would likely choose themselves if they were able to do so. Nonfeasance denotes a failure to act when there is a duty to do so, while malfeasance refers to the commission of an unlawful act. These definitions illustrate the broader context but do not encapsulate the specific protective mandate embodied in parens patriae.