Which of the following are exposure routes for hazardous materials?

The correct choice identifies exposure routes for hazardous materials that are well-established in environmental health and toxicology. Inhalation, oral ingestion, and dermal (skin) absorption are commonly recognized pathways through which individuals can be exposed to contaminants or hazardous substances.

Inhalation refers to the breathing in of airborne pollutants or chemicals, which can rapidly enter the bloodstream via the lungs. Oral exposure involves the ingestion of substances, whether through contaminated food, water, or direct consumption. Dermal exposure involves substances coming into contact with the skin, allowing for absorption into the body. Each of these routes presents different risks and mechanisms by which hazardous materials can affect health.

The choice also highlights that these pathways are critical in various scenarios, including occupational health, environmental contamination, and public health assessments. Understanding these exposure routes is essential for evaluating risk and implementing protective measures.

Different terms in the other options do not align as closely with established terminology or common exposure routes in the context of hazardous materials. For instance, "skin" is generally not used as a standalone term in scientific literature when discussing exposure pathways. While "injection" is a legitimate route of exposure, it is less typically associated with the general context of hazardous materials compared to the more prevalent pathways of inhalation, oral