What significant change was made by the 1991 amendment to the MPRSA?

The 1991 amendment to the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) significantly changed the regulatory framework surrounding ocean dumping, particularly for sewage sludge. The key focus of this amendment was to address environmental concerns regarding the impact of sewage sludge disposal into marine waters. By ending the allowance of dumping sewage sludge, the amendment aimed to protect water quality and marine ecosystems from the harmful effects of pollutants associated with sludge.

This change reflects a growing recognition of the need for stringent environmental protections during the late 20th century, correlating with increased public awareness and ecological advocacy. The emphasis was on promoting better waste management practices and fostering environmental sustainability, aligning with broader legislative trends during that period aimed at reducing pollution and preserving natural resources.

In contrast, other aspects such as the allowability of fishing in marine sanctuaries, the expansion of definitions regarding dumped materials, or the increase of penalties for violations were not the primary focus of the 1991 amendment. Instead, they pertained to different logistical or regulatory aspects of marine protection laws, which did not directly relate to the specific prohibition on sewage sludge dumping established by this significant amendment.