What is a major disadvantage of dug wells?

The major disadvantage of dug wells is their susceptibility to surface contamination. Dug wells are generally shallow, which means their water sources can be easily influenced by nearby surface conditions. Contaminants such as agricultural runoff, sewage, pesticides, or industrial waste can easily enter the well, particularly during rainfall or flooding events. This vulnerability poses significant health risks, as the water may not meet safety standards for drinking purposes.

In contrast, while factors such as depth, cost, and maintenance are important considerations for well construction and operation, they do not represent the same critical health risk as the potential for contamination. Dug wells can indeed be deeper or require maintenance, but these issues are secondary when evaluating the immediate danger posed by surface contaminants. Thus, the susceptibility to contamination is a key concern for public health and safety.