What does resource recovery primarily involve?

Resource recovery primarily involves converting waste into energy, which is why option B is the correct answer. This process is an important step in managing waste sustainably and efficiently. It not only helps in reducing the amount of waste that ends up in landfills but also allows for the extraction of energy from materials that would otherwise be considered garbage. By harnessing energy from waste through methods like incineration or anaerobic digestion, resource recovery contributes to energy production while mitigating the environmental impact of waste disposal.

The other options highlight different aspects of waste management. Reusing materials without processing relates more to the concept of reuse, which focuses on extending the life of a product without any modification. Composting organic waste is a specific method of recycling organic materials into compost, which improves soil quality but does not encompass the broader scope of resource recovery that includes energy production. Finally, landfilling of non-recyclable goods represents a waste management practice that is generally viewed as a last resort rather than a form of resource recovery. Therefore, option B stands out as it encapsulates the core function of resource recovery in effectively transforming waste into a beneficial resource.