What does LD50 measure in toxicology?

LD50, or lethal dose 50, is a standard measure in toxicology that quantifies the potency of a substance by determining the dose required to cause death in 50% of a given test population. This measurement is critical in evaluating the toxicity of various substances, as it provides a clear benchmark to assess the relative risk associated with exposure. By using a defined percentage, it allows researchers to compare the lethal effects of different compounds on similar test subjects, often in controlled laboratory settings.

Understanding LD50 is essential for toxicologists and public health officials as it helps in setting safety guidelines and regulatory limits for exposure to harmful substances. The measurement offers valuable insights not only into the acute toxicity of a substance but also aids in risk assessment and management in various environments.