What characterizes a convenience sample?

A convenience sample is characterized by the selection of participants who are readily accessible or easy to reach rather than being selected through random processes or comprehensive sampling methods. This approach entails gathering data from specific segments of a population based on their availability, which can sometimes lead to biases or limitations in the applicability of the findings.

In contrast, acquiring subjects through random selection, as indicated in option A, is a fundamental principle of probability sampling, ensuring that every individual in the population has an equal chance of being included. Sampling all individuals in a population, mentioned in option C, describes a census rather than a convenience sample, as it involves complete enumeration rather than selection based on accessibility. Finally, a method that remains consistent in selection criteria, reflected in option D, pertains to structured sampling techniques that do not align with the variability often present in convenience sampling.