What are sulfur oxides primarily known to cause?

Sulfur oxides, particularly sulfur dioxide (SO2), are significant air pollutants that have well-documented effects on human health, particularly the respiratory system. Exposure to sulfur dioxide can lead to serious lung injury and respiratory issues, particularly in individuals with preexisting conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as in sensitive populations like children and the elderly. When inhaled, sulfur dioxide can irritate the airways, leading to inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and decreased lung function.

This makes lung injury the primary health concern associated with sulfur oxides, aligning with the correct answer. In contrast, while sulfur oxides can cause irritation in the eyes or skin under certain conditions, these effects are generally less severe and not the primary health outcomes compared to the impact on lung health. Neurological issues are not directly linked to sulfur oxides, making lung injury the most relevant and critical concern associated with these pollutants.