How is waste isolated from the environment in landfills?

Isolating waste from the environment in landfills is primarily achieved using landfill cells designed specifically for this purpose. These cells are engineered structures that contain and isolate waste effectively. Each cell typically has several layers, including a bottom liner to prevent leachate—a liquid that can form when waste breaks down—from contaminating groundwater. Additionally, these cells are often equipped with a system for managing leachate and gases, helping to minimize environmental impact.

The design of these cells is crucial because it enables the confinement of waste, reduces the risk of pollution, and makes it easier to monitor and manage the landfill over its operational lifetime and even after its closure. This engineered approach ensures that waste remains isolated and does not interact with the surrounding environment, which is vital for protecting public health and environmental safety.