How is rabies transmitted to humans?

Rabies is primarily transmitted to humans through the saliva of infected animals, most commonly via bites. The virus is present in the saliva of an infected animal, and when the saliva enters a person's body through a bite wound or open cut, it can lead to infection. This mode of transmission is critical because it highlights the importance of avoiding interactions with wild animals that may carry the rabies virus, as well as the need for immediate medical attention following any potential exposure through a bite or scratch.

Other methods listed in the choices are not significant routes for rabies transmission. Contaminated water and the air do not transmit rabies, as the virus does not survive long outside a host, nor is it airborne. Rodents, while they can carry rabies, are not common vectors for the disease, and bites from more typical carriers like bats, raccoons, or foxes are much more relevant for rabies transmission concerns.